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  • Developing Democracy : Toward Consolidation
    Developing Democracy : Toward Consolidation

    In this book noted political sociologist Larry Diamond sets forth a distinctive theoretical perspective on democratic evolution and consolidation in the late twentieth century.Rejecting theories that posit preconditions for democracy-and thus dismiss its prospects in poor countries-Diamond argues instead for a "developmental" theory of democracy.This, he explains, is one which views democracy everywhere as a work in progress that emerges piecemeal, at different rates, in different ways and forms, in different countries. Diamond begins by assessing the "third wave" of global democratization that began in 1974.With a wealth of quantitative data and case illustrations, he shows that the third wave has come to an end, leaving a growing gap between the electoral form and the liberal substance of democracy.This underscores the hollow, fragile state of many democracies and the imperative of concolidation.He then defines the concept of democratic consolidation and identifies the conditions that foster it.These include strong political institutions, appropriate institutional designs, decentralization of power, a vibrant civil society, and improved economic and political performance. If new and troubled democracies are to be consolidated, Diamond argues, they must become more deeply democratic-more liberal, accountable, and responsive to their citizens.Drawing on extensive public opinion research in developing and postcommunist states, he demonstrates the importance of freedom, transparency, and the rule of law for generating the broad legitimacy that is the essence of democratic consolidation.The book concludes with a hopeful view of the prospects for a fourth wave of global democratization.

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  • Nonviolent Resistance and Democratic Consolidation
    Nonviolent Resistance and Democratic Consolidation

    This book argues that democracies emerging from peaceful protest last longer, achieve higher levels of democratic quality, and are more likely to see at least two peaceful handovers of power than democracies that emerged out of violent resistance or top-down liberalization.Nonviolent resistance is not just an effective means of deposing dictators; it can also help consolidate democracy after the transition from autocratic rule.Drawing on case studies on democratic consolidation in Africa and Latin America, the authors find that nonviolent resistance creates a more inclusive transition process that is more resistant to democratic breakdown in the long term.

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  • Hiking Boots Brooches Outdoor Forest Adventure Badges Mountain Climbing Adventure Enthusiasts
    Hiking Boots Brooches Outdoor Forest Adventure Badges Mountain Climbing Adventure Enthusiasts

    Hiking Boots Brooches Outdoor Forest Adventure Badges Mountain Climbing Adventure Enthusiasts

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  • Hiking Boots Brooches Outdoor Forest Adventure Badges Mountain Climbing Adventure Enthusiasts
    Hiking Boots Brooches Outdoor Forest Adventure Badges Mountain Climbing Adventure Enthusiasts

    Hiking Boots Brooches Outdoor Forest Adventure Badges Mountain Climbing Adventure Enthusiasts

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  • What is consolidation?

    Consolidation is the process of combining separate entities or activities into a single, unified whole. This can refer to financial consolidation, where the financial statements of a parent company and its subsidiaries are combined into one set of financial statements. It can also refer to the merging of different departments or functions within an organization to streamline operations and improve efficiency. Overall, consolidation aims to create a more cohesive and integrated structure that can lead to better decision-making and performance.

  • What does economic consolidation mean?

    Economic consolidation refers to the process of combining or merging multiple companies or businesses into a single entity. This can lead to increased efficiency, cost savings, and market power. It often involves acquiring smaller companies to expand market share or diversify products and services. However, economic consolidation can also lead to reduced competition and potential monopolistic practices, which may have negative impacts on consumers and the overall economy.

  • What is the Napoleonic land consolidation?

    The Napoleonic land consolidation was a policy implemented by Napoleon Bonaparte in the early 19th century in France. It aimed to consolidate fragmented land holdings into larger, more efficient farms to increase agricultural productivity and promote economic development. This policy involved redistributing land from small landowners to larger landowners, often through forced sales or expropriation. The Napoleonic land consolidation had a significant impact on the French countryside, leading to the concentration of land ownership and the displacement of many small farmers.

  • What is meant by Napoleon's land consolidation?

    Napoleon's land consolidation refers to the process by which he reorganized and redistributed land ownership in France during his rule. This involved consolidating small, fragmented landholdings into larger, more efficient farms, which aimed to increase agricultural productivity and promote economic stability. Napoleon's land consolidation also aimed to weaken the power of the nobility and clergy by redistributing their land to small landowners and peasants, thereby promoting social and economic equality. This policy had a significant impact on the structure of land ownership in France and contributed to the modernization of agriculture in the country.

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  • How Russians Understand the New Russia : Consolidation and Contestation
    How Russians Understand the New Russia : Consolidation and Contestation

    The issues that are the most and the least divisive in RussiaThe collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 created a new Russia, with new territorial boundaries and new political and economic systems.The hybrid political economy that emerged incorporated commitments to markets and democracy that were undermined by the state’s economic interventions and authoritarian restrictions. In this book, Paul Chaisty and Stephen Whitefield argue that the hybridity of the post-Soviet system provided a strong basis for the consolidation of Russian public opinion—and for the management of contestation so that it did not threaten the system itself.Drawing on almost thirty years of original public opinion research in Russia, Chaisty and Whitefield also find, however, that the territorial dimension of Russia’s postcommunist transformation has disrupted public support for the hybrid political economy.In particular, they trace the reopening of system-level disagreement between system supporters and system opponents to the nationalist turn in Russian politics that culminated in the 2014 annexation of Crimea and the reactivation of Soviet identities. How Russians Understand the New Russia provides the first longitudinal study of Russian public opinion on the system of political and economic power that replaced communism.It offers unique insights into how Russian citizens have adapted their views of the new Russia, identifying the issues that are the most—and the least—divisive.Chaisty and Whitefield track Russian public opinion on a broad range of policy questions, discuss the political importance of both voting and not voting and consider problems of nation-building and national identity.Finally, they weigh the impact of the Ukraine war on Russia’s hybrid system, and whether consolidation or further contestation is more likely.

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  • Municipal Shared Services and Consolidation : A Public Solutions Handbook
    Municipal Shared Services and Consolidation : A Public Solutions Handbook

    Municipal Shared Services and Consolidation provides a comprehensive and clear review of the theories and practices of structuring and managing complex local government services.Intended for both students and practitioners, this volume in the Public Solutions Handbook Series addresses concepts and processes of shaping collaborative arrangements in public service with goals of effectiveness and efficiency in mind.The Handbook begins with a review of theories of shared services and consolidation, highlighting conceptual foundations, practical barriers, and cultural considerations related to these efforts.Specific, practical advice follows, highlighting the processes of creating, implementing, and managing shared services and consolidation agreements. Municipal Shared Services and Consolidation is exceptionally well written and is amplified by examples, cases, illustrations, and a comprehensive bibliography.

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  • Assessment, Bureaucracy, and Consolidation : The Issues Facing Schools Today
    Assessment, Bureaucracy, and Consolidation : The Issues Facing Schools Today

    American education has changed dramatically over the last century.The small, locally controlled school, supported by a concerned educational village fostered learning, personal accountability, patriotism and economic growth for a young nation.Today, however, American schools are typically large, consolidated, bureaucratic organizations controlled by state and/or municipal governments.The administration of these schools is hierarchical and corporate in form while its curriculum is oriented toward the needs of the business community.Assessment through standardized testing, moreover, has become the cornerstone of American education.Assessment, Bureaucracy, and Consolidation: The Issues Facing Schools Today examines this remarkable transformation in the form and function of education and assesses the problems and possibilities for the future of schools and our nation.Additional key features of this book include: • A clear comprehensive history of the modern American school from the nineteenth century to the present and its impact on teachers, students, parents and the community at large• An Explanation of the impact of bureaucratic organization and the movement toward large schools • Critiques of past reform experiments in public education • A Placement of the contemporary standardized assessment movement in historical context• A reevaluation of the relationship between education and business • An evaluation of returning education to locally controlled schools, reconnecting educational practitioners with the educational village

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  • Iran's Reconstruction Jihad : Rural Development and Regime Consolidation after 1979
    Iran's Reconstruction Jihad : Rural Development and Regime Consolidation after 1979

    Based on over one hundred and thirty interviews with government officials, revolutionary activists, war veterans, and development experts, this is the first full length study in English to examine the significant yet understudied organization and ministry, Reconstruction Jihad, as a basis for understanding the political and social changes and continuities that have transpired in the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) over the last four decades.Exploring the success of the Iranian revolution, the state's development policies, its overall resilience and the conflicting dynamics of its attempts to mobilize and institutionalize activists, Iran's Reconstruction Jihad is one of the few studies that adopts an institutionalist approach toward analyzing critical aspects of the IRI's history and politics, with comparative implications for analyzing revolutionary processes and outcomes across other geographic regions and time periods.

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  • How do the terms aggregation and consolidation differ?

    Aggregation and consolidation are both methods used in financial reporting to combine financial information from multiple entities. Aggregation involves combining data at a high level, such as adding up revenues or expenses across different departments or business units. On the other hand, consolidation involves combining financial statements of multiple entities into a single set of financial statements, typically when one entity has control over the others. In summary, aggregation is more about combining data at a high level, while consolidation involves combining financial statements of multiple entities into one.

  • What would be aspects of Theoderich's consolidation policy?

    Theoderich's consolidation policy would likely include efforts to centralize power and authority within his kingdom, by establishing a strong and efficient administrative system. He would also focus on promoting stability and security within his realm, by strengthening the military and implementing effective law enforcement. Additionally, Theoderich would likely seek to foster economic prosperity and social cohesion, by promoting trade and commerce, and implementing policies to support the well-being of his subjects. Overall, Theoderich's consolidation policy would aim to solidify his rule and ensure the long-term stability and success of his kingdom.

  • Does marriage primarily mean the consolidation of social possessions?

    Marriage is not solely about the consolidation of social possessions. While it may involve the merging of assets and resources, the primary purpose of marriage is to create a partnership based on love, commitment, and mutual support. Marriage is about building a life together, sharing experiences, and creating a family. While social possessions may be a part of the equation, they are not the primary focus of marriage.

  • What is the difference between data integration and data consolidation?

    Data integration involves combining data from different sources and formats into a single, unified view. This process ensures that the data is consistent and can be easily accessed and analyzed. On the other hand, data consolidation involves gathering data from different sources and storing it in a centralized location. This process helps to eliminate data silos and provides a single source of truth for the organization. In summary, data integration focuses on combining data for analysis and usage, while data consolidation focuses on centralizing data storage.

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